A high-precision surgical robot for cochlear implantation has been developed by a team of surgeons and engineers. To embed an electronic cochlear implant device into the ear of a deaf patient, the ...

In some pediatric teaching programs, most residents graduate without a practical knowledge of objective tests for middle ear function. The 1997 “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute ...

The tympanic cavity was accessed through the mastoid process. The facial nerve was removed while the posterior wall of the external auditory canal was preserved. The integrity, continuity, and ...

Millions of years ago marine animals had hearing organs that allowed them to detect sounds in the water. When land dwelling animals evolved they now had to detect environmental sounds that traveled ...