An in-depth analysis reveals that for each identified vertebrate species, there may be two others, nearly identical in appearance but genetically distinct. Scientists have long classified ...

518-million-year-old fossil reveals vertebrates once had four eyes and extra organs that later shaped evolution.

Many spine-bearing creatures, or vertebrates, have a curious bit of tissue deep in their brains called the pineal gland. It helps regulate sleep rhythms by reacting to light detected by the eyes.

For more than half a century, the Tully monster (Tullimonstrum gregarium), an enigmatic animal that lived about 300 million years ago, has confounded paleontologists, with its strange anatomy making ...

Dedication to William Buckland / Christopher J. Duffin -- Introduction. Vertebrate coprolite studies : status and prospectus / Adrian P. Hunt ... [et al.] -- History of study. The earliest published ...

Scientists discovered some of the oldest bony fish fossils in China. The fossils explain the early history of animals with backbones.

There may be twice as many vertebrates on the planet as previous estimates claimed, according to a new study published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. That's ...